2017 CAR BUYING ONLINE PART 2

What will be the first stop in 2017 for people looking at cars for sale?

In Part 1 of our 2017 Car Buying Online series vinadvisor asked about the biggest obstacle to car buying online.

In Part 2 we are asking our distinguished lineup of auto pros what technology people are going to turn to while shopping for a car online.  According to CB Insights venture capital investment in automotive tech is skyrocketing. In the article Investment Into Auto Tech On Pace To Break Annual Records:

With $450M invested across 36 deals to date, 2016 was even more prolific than 2015 for VC Investment in automotive startups. Both deals and dollars to private auto tech companies are on track for record highs.

Here is a breakdown of how investment has increased over the last 6 years
2011 ... 18 investments @ $197M
2012 ... 15 @ $100M
2013 ... 37 @ $663M
2014 ... 34 @ $353M
2015 ... 56 @ $478M
2016 ... 68 @ $847M (projection)

Even with that strong of a commitment in auto tech solutions, the old guard is still a powerful force in the digital world.  According to vinadvisor CEO Jim Dykstra

Customers will continue to seek out manufacturer sites for new cars. Craigslist for used cars as they have three times and many dealer listings online.

The answers from our panel of auto pros managed to span a wide spectrum of old guard, digital giants and new school startups.

Ian Beavis
Chief Strategy Officer
AMCI Global
KBB/Autotrader have over 23 million monthly visitors and are still growing. The sites are easy to navigate and have the largest dealer inventory on the web. It is the go to site.

James Green
CEO
Magnetic
My guess is that the first stop for most car buyers is Google, but I haven't got data to prove it. They then just bounce around between reviews (Cars.com, Edmunds, etc) and dealers until they have enough info to decide what to buy. Then they unfortunately most visit a dealer...

Chris Baccus
SVP
Caruso Affiliated
People still go to the car shopping sites like they have for years. The one to watch is Amazon Cars and seeing how Amazon makes more of a push for car sales on the site and app. Right now it's a bit buried, but that is likely to change as Amazon continues to nudge its way into the car shopping process.

Philip Zelinger
President and CEO
Ad Agency Online, LLC
Human nature has always driven the marketplace with technology developed to provide a superior customer experience typically defined by lower prices, competitive products and maximum convenience. The other side of the table is the need for a profit and acceptable risk to reward for the sellers. Based on these truths, the answer to your question is Manufacturers using Technology to enhance their customer's experience supported by a dealer network to accommodate test drives and after sales service. A technology driven manufacturing and marketing platform controlled by the OEM's with direct to consumer online sales and service information supported by a brick and mortar dealer body would satisfy both the buyers and the sellers - wholesale and retail. Real time parts on demand during the manufacturing process dictated by actual online sales would reduce production costs for the OEMs as well as dealers by eliminating the need for onsite inventories and the related carry costs such as floor plan, insurance, etc.. The savings passed onto consumers would add enough value to justify any delay in delivery with a minimum "test drive" inventory available at local dealership's to facilitate final buying decisions. Next generation finance/leasing contracts offering a liberal return/exchange policy with custom options like "fractionalized ownership" would further improve customer satisfaction supporting this new business model.

Nick Huie
National Manager
Toyota North America
After general product awareness, consideration is the second step in the purchase funnel. There are many channels that builds consideration of a vehicle, but for most it is online where customers get most of the product data, just like in other categories. The third party websites that do a good job of aggregating useful information that aids the customer in their consideration decisions will still be first step for many car buyers in their customer journey.

Chad Pelliccioni
Founder
Hype Media Group
I think it's always Google. Whoever wins Google will win the most car purchases.

Jill Ciminillo
Automotive Editor
Sinclair Media Group
We have moved into the era of the informed buyer, so websites or apps like True Car and Carjojo will be a great resource for people buying cars moving forward. You can do your research, find the actual pricing of a vehicle, get a sense of what other people in the market are paying and, in some instances, get pre-approved for financing — all without setting foot inside a car dealer.

Nick Roshon
Nick's Car Blog
Motor Trend for reviews, Autotrader for listings, KBB for price. I also spend way more time than I care to admit looking at cars for sale by owner on Craigslist for any odd cars or smoking deals (online barn finds, more or less).

Craig Fitzgerald
NPR's Car Talk
I look at BestRide.com for inventory. BestRide is owned by Gatehouse Media (the largest newspaper publisher in the country) and as a result the inventory for used cars, especially, is massive. I still rely heavily on OEM websites. Some are better than others. All of the FCA (Chrysler) websites have excellent Build and Price functionality, plus links to local inventories. They're terrific. Volkswagen's website, on the other hand, is barely usable. It asks for a zip code every time you click through to a new page, and barely provides any information. If you look at the Wayback Machine's cached VW website from 15 years ago, it provided a lot more information.

Joe Webb
President
DealerKnows Consulting
Research, however, doesn't begin at the dealership site. Most begin researching at the manufacturer website to begin educating themselves on the makes and models to find the right fit, long before seeking a deal or specific inventory. Identifying the right vehicle is paramount to locking in a price or payment, which should be an important research step at the dealer website level.

Eric Miltsch
Co-Founder
DealerTeamwork.com & AutoOutletsUSA.com
I believe early adopters looking to buy a car online will be looking at solutions provided by the largest dealer groups who have the ability to amplify their solutions at scale. Other alternatives may be an OEM program working in tandem with a large website platform; a top-down approach may have better opportunities for success. I also expect to see Tesla grab market share for online car buying as more shoppers seek out their flagship models and especially their newer, less-expensive sedan. I don't expect Carvana to be a mass-market solution in 2017, but it may attract curious shoppers with the introduction of their car-vending machine in Houston. It's still early and the model needs to prove the experience and the financial model works. I also believe 2017 will see a larger shift in how dealers market their vehicles using third-party platforms. They're realizing the high cost of advertising per vehicle sold and understanding how to leverage their own website and transactional data as the competitive edge to attract buyers via their own website. Shoppers expect to find the answers to their questions quickly and mobile shopping behaviors will continue to drive this mindset. Dealers will begin providing greater context and relevancy to their marketing campaigns while creating more consistency across their primary marketing channels.

Shiraz Ahmed
Reporter
Autonews.com
What technology or website is your first stop when looking at cars for sale? TrueCar, but its been awhile

Joe Overby
Senior Editor
Auto Remarketing
I wouldn’t say there is a specific website I go to first, but the first thing I did when I bought my current vehicle was to research the top-rated used cars online. I’m a practical guy and wanted to know which used cars were going to be the most reliable.

Kurt Stephan
Dealer Marketing Magazine
I look at enthusiast-oriented websites for reviews of vehicles, then manufacturer sites for cars I'm interested in. When I've honed in on vehicles I might want to buy, I'll look at dealership sites, then go to the dealership for a test drive. I don't move on to the actual buying stage until I'm convinced by seeing a car in person and test driving it. I've used Autobytel in the past, but I've found going directly to dealers through their website usually results in the same price and as convenient of a buying experience.

Ed Brooks
Sr Digital Media Rep.
Cars.com
I don't see this changing from 2016. According to the PCG Research 2016 Auto Shopper Survey, new vehicle shoppers start at manufacturer's website, third party website, or a search engine, in that order. Used vehicle shoppers tend to start with the third party sites (Cars.com, Autotrader, KBB, etc.)

Philip Reed
Writer
NerdWallet
The first stop will probably be the manufacturer's websites just because of the search results. After that it will be the big three: Edmunds, KBB and TrueCar. After that it will be the start ups.

Ben Tesler
Founder
FairRose LA
I still think most people go to auto trader (I do at least) when looking for a car although TrueCar is probably more on people's minds due to their ads being everywhere.

Ricky Patrick
BDC Manager
Richard Kay Superstore
Autotrader. I know everyone tries to sell us on people googling "Used Porsche 911 in Washington DC" but I just never do that. I go to Autotrader and then drill down to specific dealer websites based on what I find.

Andrew Fails
Photographer/writer
Jalopnik
I've been working with the team at PureConcierge for a while now, so honestly I just have them do the heavy lifting for me. If I'm just doing some super preliminary research to see what's in my metro, I'll use Cars.com

Maddy Low
Community Manager
DrivingSales
My first stop when looking for a car is dealership sites that I have gone to before to see what they currently have in stock! I also use Yelp and Google Reviews. But I may be a little strange, since I bought my first car after I had joined the auto industry!

Kyle Reyes
Founder
The Silent Partner Marketing
I start with Google...then move from there.

Ralph Paglia
ADMP
Craigslist for used cars and web sites from dealers I know and have done business with for new cars. I also use many other resources, such as Autotrader and Cars.com, but they aren't my first stops.

Bill Soule
Founder
Digital Video Syndicate
NerdWallet and BankRate
It’s still early so I’m gonna go with platforms that are millennial-friendly. NerdWallet is doing a great job of creating content to entice millennials down the car-shopping funnel. That’s how to win at this point. Of course Google needs to be mentioned as well. Search and SEO are still super important.

Neil Feuling
Senior Director - Auto E-commerce Strategy and Business Development
LeEco US
Cargurus, Iseecars, Pricing Autolist - best mobile app inventory shopping. Honker looks promising. What you really need is a fintech company that happens to also do auto.

Mark Dubis
CEO
Carfolks.com
Answer for new car shopping: My current process would be to research vehicles at the manufacturer’s website, and then seek out local inventory via the OEM site or by directly visiting my local dealer’s site.  Since every new car dealer will meet or beat any realistic price, I would research the reputation of the dealer and their people to make sure my buying experience is a positive one. Depending on the vehicle, I might also research reviews of the vehicle and explore reliability claims on the vehicle.

Scott Meyer
9cloud
I love reading user generated content, such as blog posts. This gives a personal view and a better look at the good, bad and ugly.

Matt Stoffel
9clouds
I haven't been in the market myself for several years, but if I were I'd be taking to Google with my questions - as I'm guessing most folks would. From there, I'd be looking for honesty in my resources, whether it came from third party review sites, consumer forums, or the occasional dealership content that is written to be an asset to my search instead of a sales pitch.

Quincy Armstrong
Director of Marketing
Rusnak Auto Group
For new cars, the first stop is usually a research site, so I'd say Edmunds.com. They have the widest range of content and information.

Josh Crouch
Quora
Autotrader, Edmunds, and Cargurus- Cargurus is the newest company of the 3 but watch them sky rocket in 17 to one of the most utilized sites for auto shoppers. They utilize so much data to skyrocket them to the front of the field showing the best priced vehicles in the market. Its amazing!!!!!

2016 was an amazing year in the automotive industry.  The great news included; automakers seeing a 3rd consecutive year of record sales at 17.4 million vehicles, the self driving car making an amazing leap forward, Elon Musk becoming s superstar and the spectacular rise in venture capital funding for automotive tech startups.  The bad news included Apple’s failed attempt to get in the game, the potential Trump tariffs and consumers potentially piling on way too much debt for new cars.  The ugly news included car hacking, the Takata fiasco and the Volkswagen emissions scandal.

But here at vinadvisor, 2016 will be remembered for the strides made by car buying online.  Venture capital funding has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in new businesses that do everything from enabling shopping and buying and financing online. Jim Dykstra, CEO of vinadvisor said had this to say about the changing landscape:

The biggest challenge for dealers is the shift to pricing products rather than selling price. Dealer reticence to offer a contemporary – to ETRADE, Amazon or Venmo – online purchase solution is a problem. The time it takes to get each customer to pay a different price for a new car, trade, financing and aftermarket products limits customer satisfaction and dealer profitability. The good news the move to online sales will dramatically increase efficiency; salesperson productivity will rise and turnover decline while throughput, service retention, referrals and repurchase loyalty increase from a contemporary online purchase experience like the enjoy with everything else they buy.

2017 is shaping up to be one of the most extraordinary years in automotive history so we decided to ask a distinguished panel of experts, professionals and executives in the automotive industry what will be the biggest challenge in 2017 to car buying online.  Here’s what they had to say.

Ian Beavis, COO
AMCI Global

The financing paperwork will remain a hug obstacle as almost 65% of all vehicles sold in the US are financed through a dealer. Many states do not allow the financing to take place outside a dealership or online.

James Green
CEO

Magnetic
The biggest obstacle to buying a car on line today is the dealer network and how they sell. They have cars that are pre-configured and on the lot which they want to move. As a percentage, more Tesla buyers buy cars online than tradional buyers. This is because you can configure it, the price is known and it's uniform. Nothing will change if you buy online or buy in the store. So why go to the store except to try it? Dealers are the biggest obstacle to on-line car sales.

Chris Baccus

SVP

Caruso Affiliated

State laws to protect dealerships will continue to be a challenge for complete online purchases. However, dealerships are getting better at enabling most of the deal over online. In fact, last year I bought a car through email with only having to stop at the dealership to sign paperwork and drive off with the new car. So some salespeople get there is a benefit to making the sales process easy for customers using digital communications.

Philip Zelinger
President, CEO
Ad Agency Online

For now, the biggest obstacle to this online sales/service marketplace is government regulations limiting online transactions, adherence to current franchise laws and customer hesitancy to make large buying decisions online. The consumer confidence concerns are already eroding with the explosive growth of sites like Amazon, the slow death of large box brick and mortar retail stores/malls along with added dependence on online customer reviews to support a buying decision.

Chad Pellicioni

Founder

Hype Media Group

Online competition with digital ads and paid search.

James Raia
Founder
The Weekly Driver
I think it will remain the possibility of fraud. Hacked emails, bad information, too much personal information distributed on the Internet. I think buyers also still want to the “kick the tires."

Jill Ciminillo

Automotive Editor

Sinclair Media Group

Fear. While online shopping is really common in 2017, buying a car online isn’t quite like buying a new pair of jeans. Next to buying a new home, buying a car is the next biggest expenditure people will make, and breaking the traditional habit of “kicking tires” will be a tough one.

Nick Roshon

Nick's Car Blog
People want to drive the car, especially if it's higher end, to confirm it's worth the extra money over a more basic model. For used cars, people want to validate the condition of them. The first hurdle is difficult to surpass until driverless cars become a reality, but the latter hurdle is pretty easy with live video and technologies to confirm condition of the paint, engine, ECU read-outs, etc.

Craig Fitzgerald

NPR's Car Talk

It's the same obstacle that existed 17 years ago when Auto-By-Tel and AutoWeb decided they were going to try and circumvent the dealer model: They ran into massive opposition by dealer lobbying groups at the state level, and it stopped the idea of direct selling in its tracks. I can't remember the name of the program, but GM had a direct-to-consumer model, too, and the dealer network killed it.

Shiraz Ahmed

Reporter

Autonews.com
State franchise laws

Joe Overby

Senior Editor       

Auto Remarketing

I think meeting regulatory requirements — some of which vary from state to state — could be the biggest hurdle to selling cars online nationwide. And just making sure all the proper paperwork is taken care of.

Eric Miltsch

Co-Founder

DealerTeamwork.com & AutoOutletsUSA.com

The biggest obstacle to car buying online will be dealing with the lack of a standard solution available to shoppers. The online buying segment of the industry is still young and fragmented. Trust is a major success factor. Website providers will introduce their own proprietary "shopping cart" approaches. Large dealer groups will continue to run their own trials and lastly, independent bolt-on solutions may be introduced as well. Unfortunately, these solutions are still too far reaching for buyers and they're not necessarily solving real problems associated with the buying process. Clouding the issue even further are stand-alone platforms that just can't seem to create traction, such a Beepi (recently announced they will shut down and merge with Scott Painter's Fair.com) Car buyers still want to deal with a real person, see/touch the vehicle and have the peice of mind they got a good deal. What they don't want is the broken showroom processes, the long wait times, and the poor customer experience.

Ed Brooks

Sr Digital Media Rep.

Cars.com
The biggest obstacle isn't technology, or trades, or financing; it's a lack of desire on the part of the majority of dealers. Doing a car deal, from start to finish online, requires a tremendous number of changes to current processes, including becoming a one-price store and implementing online financing. The big obstacle, from my perspective, is that vast majority of dealers that I visit don't want to give up the opportunity to sit face-to-face with a customer and sell them more -- whether it is an upgraded vehicle or finance products. The big dealer groups are the exception. Many of them have been working for years to put the technology, the processes, and most importantly, the mind-set, in place to begin to sell cars online.

Philip Reed

Writer

NerdWallet

Dealers still do everything possible to get people to come into the showrooms. So even people who contact dealers with the intention of buying online are routed into the showroom where the sale follows the traditional process.

Ben Tesler

Founder

FairRose LA

People want to see their specific car in front of them, hey want to touch it and drive it before they make one of the biggest purchases of their lives. In cities like New York, San Francisco, Chicago, and even in Los Angeles now people see it less necessary to own a car because of the many different public transportation options as well as ride share services being available within a minutes notice and no need to pay for parking.

Expert from lpsos Automotive

In addition to the franchise laws, states have varying finance regulations....so buying a vehicle in one state requires lending covenants that are different from other states. Devising a financial structure that can cross multiple states is daunting and requires acceptance by states attorney’s general.

Ricky Patrick
BDC Manager
Richard Kay Superstore
The biggest obstacle will always be the lack of a physical experience with the vehicle. Not many people will buy a vehicle without seeing/driving it.

Andrew Fails

Photographer/writer

Jalopnik

The biggest obstacle is the customer being unsure about the quality of the product they are buying. People are concerned about the quality of the vehicle. Also, people think that without haggling they are getting ripped off, and haggling is harder online.

Maddy Low,
Community Manager
DrivingSales

I think the biggest obstacle for car buying online will be increasing mobile needs that auto web providers won't be able to keep up with Another is really knowing what the price is and being unsure what I'll actually pay, prices online never seem to tell the real story.

Kyle Reyes

Founder

The Silent Partner Marketing

The biggest obstacle to car buying right now is, ironic, dealers themselves. They're too damn romantic about how business SHOULD be because of how business USED TO BE. They haven't adjusted to mobile-first and social media driven times and are still stuck in their old ways.

Ralph Paglia

ADMP
Dealers themselves...
Consumers have already demonstrated their willingness to execute most of a vehicle purchase online, and there are probably 25% to 45% of new car buyers today who are ready, willing and able to buy cars online... However, car dealers have been so highly optimized for retail showroom sales for over a hundred years that the process structure and business process implementation has been challenging. These entrenched procedures and documentation systems have been the greatest source of systemic resistance to online car sales to date. Let me also insert a big caveat... Although I consider dealers to be the biggest obstacle to online car sales, I am also confident and certain that dealers will catch up and implement those processes which will allow the use of online technology to make car buying more convenient. Why? Competition... As more and more American car dealers implement online sales strategies and tactics, they will become a competitive advantage. When that happens, then it becomes a market force and most car dealers will be dragged into the online sales universe kicking and screaming, but knowing that they must in order to remain competitive.
 

Joe Webb

President

DealerKnows Consulting
There is a level of feel/touch/smell that has been a part of the showroom experience. However as higher dollar transactions take place solely online, the retail industry will continue to fracture away from in-person sales and into more disengaged (yet streamlined) transactions. The primary obstacle that has slowed this transition is the lack of adoption by franchise dealers of transactional technology on their websites. As adoption rates rise, that seamless channel of research and negotiation will be more available and utilized.

Bill Soule

Founder
Digital Video Syndicate

The biggest obstacle may be venture capital investment and stability. The horse is out of the barn with car buying online so it’s inevitable. But with the fall of Beepi, we are already seeing an element of too-much-money-too-soon for several online players. We saw this in 2016 in the solar industry. Buying a car is a major purchase so if too many startups rise and fall there will be a major trust issue. But there is too much money at stake for there not to be a VC-funded arms race to get to the top. Eventually that issue will sort itself out and car buying online will stabilize. Why? Stats like these - millennials represent 28% of all car buyers and account for over $1.3 trillion in spending. Millennials trust the process of buying things online.

Neil Feuling
Senior Director - Auto E-commerce Strategy and Business Development
LeEco US

Finance and incentive confusion. Lack of true pricing transparency for both new and used. leaky funnel - leads dropped on the floor, lack of realtime follow up.

Mark Dubis

CEO

Carfolks.com LLC

While online auto shopping will continue to advance in the coming years, most consumers will still be stopping into dealerships to test drive vehicles and finalize their purchases. Most of the preliminary work like qualifying for financing and getting estimates for their trade-ins will be handled online in advance of their dealership arrival. Buying a car online is like buying a house online, it’s the type of sale that most consumers will not make online, but will heavily use online
sources to do their basic preliminary homework.

Scott Meyer

9cloud

The biggest obstacle is most people still want to touch it before they buy it. A solution might be having a vehicle locally they could drive and then buy online.

Matt Stoffel
9clouds

From a consumer standpoint, it can be scary to make that big a purchase without experiencing the vehicle firsthand. For most Americans, vehicles are the second biggest expense, and like buying a home, it's not something we're inclined to do sight-unseen.
That said, fears around online shopping have been eroding throughout the 21st century.
From an industry standpoint, the simplest answer is that the car-dealer lobby has made online sale of new cars impossible. But it will be interesting to see how an organization like Amazon might shake that up.
You might check this out: http://www.thecarconnection.com/news/1107448_will-fiat-chryslers-plan-to-sell-cars-on-amazon-destroy-or-update-the-dealership-model

Quincy Armstrong

Director of Marketing

Rusnak Auto Group

Depends what you mean. If you mean challenges to actually complete a purchase online, the challenges are local, state, and federal regulations and the massive amount of paperwork required to complete a car purchase. If you mean shopping for a car online, it's the transition between online shopping and communicating with a dealership. If the dealership has good training they'll understand where customers are in the shopping process and personalize the rest of the process.

Kurt Stephan
Dealer Marketing Magazine
(2) The lack of a true, tactile interaction with the vehicle is the biggest obstacle to the online buying model. More most buyers, sitting in, driving, and bonding with a vehicle still matters with a big-ticket item that is likely to be lived with and paid for for many years.
Yang Guoqiang

Quora

We actually already have second hand car buying on line.
Singapore No.1 Car Site for New Car & Used Cars
Instead of visiting three or five dealers. You typically only have to visit one.
And you can close the deal in 1 hour or so.
Price is more or less fixed at the internet advertised rate.

They range from the practical (make sure you test drive the car) to the silly (make sure you like the car) to the urban legend (make sure you buy the car on the right day of the month). It isn't breaking news that there is a lot of noise out there cluttering up the decision making process when it comes to the consumer's car buying journey.  At some point it becomes too much information and gets in the way.

So how do you give solid advice when it comes to helping consumers cut through all that information?  I teamed up with Joe Webb of DealerKnows Consulting and James Raia The Weekly Driver to discuss what we think are some helpful hints to make the car buying process easier.

How do you advise friends, colleagues and potential customers?

Your Turn To Drive’s latest episode tackles a very important consumer and dealer question – at what age does a used car hit the sweet spot in terms of value?

It is no secret that a car loses a significant amount of value the second it is driven off the lot, so used car depreciation is an important issue to dealers and consumers alike. Edmunds put together an infographic with some interesting information.  Edmunds notes that buying a car in its second year and owning it for three years offers the most value.  With the increase in leases, that just isn’t a very functional suggestion as those lease returns are already in the 3rd and 4th year as the leases generally are for two or three years.

As far as the depreciation curve, Edmunds said:

Take an average midsize sedan selling for $27,660 as an example. In the first year, the car loses $7,419 of its value. However — and this is where the secret comes in — the next year only sees a $1,114 drop in value. In fact, in years two, three and four, it only loses $5,976. That's right — in those three years put together, it loses less than in that first year.

Your Turn To Drive gathered a panel that included Jim Dykstra of vinadvisor, Jaclyn Trop, contributor to the New York Times and Philip Reed of NerdWallet to further discuss this question.

Philip Reed  focused on depreciation saying:

Cars depreciate 45% in the first three years. But most of the depreciation is in the first year. Combine this with the fact that there is an upturn in leasing -- it's almost 1 in 4 new cars now -- and this means a flood of three-year old cars are coming back into the market. Buy one of these cars and you'll have a near new car with about 36,000 miles on it and will pay much less depreciation.

Jaclyn Trop continued:

If you're considering buying a used car, I think only two considerations matter. Are you buying, let's say, a three-year-old car because it's at the end of a lease, still in great condition and it's a lot less expensive than a new car? Or, are you buying someone's headache? The financial deal may sound enticing, but are underlying issues with the vehicle not readily apparent from a cursory look or if you're buying strictly on impulse? For either scenario, it's well-worth the additional cost to have the vehicle inspected by your current mechanic or an independent mechanic via a friend's recommendation. Acquire the vehicle's history in detail and research several well-established automotive sites and compare used car price listings.

Considering all of that information, it’s pretty easy to put together consumer focused checklist to get the most value out of this process:

1. Age – to most for least, buy a 2 ½ to 3 years old car and drive for 3 to 4 years.
2. Mileage – the cost of maintenance rises with miles, look at selling before 100k miles
3. Ownership – get a clear picture of who owned and drove your next car. 1 owner or rental matters, a lot!
4. Pedigree – if you’re buying the last of a particular model, think about who will be interested in buying it in a few years.

Most importantly, invest some time to get prepared. An impulse decision to try a new restaurant is not very risky, walking into a dealership or agreeing to buy a car off Craigslist could be an expensive impulse!